Introduction
Considering the geo-strategic location of India and Nepal, the historic cultural and religion-related commonness of the two nations the need to study their relations has become more relevant than ever. The complexity of the relationship between these two South Asian neighbours and thereby, its importance has neither received enough academic study nor the mix of political astuteness and sensitivity from New Delhi in over seven decades of this post-colonial relationship. This book by Lieutenant General Shokin Chauhan, PVSM, AVSM, YSM, SM VSM, (Retd) a Gorkha Rifles officer who has travelled often to all parts of Nepal and been a Defence Attache in Kathmandu, is therefore groundbreaking and important.
General Chauhan takes his readers on a journey through the shared history of India and Nepal. He gives glimpses of the centuries old bonds forged through trade, culture, and interwoven destinies, shaping a relationship critical to the region’s stability. The book then delves into a deeper understanding of the strategic geography that places Nepal uniquely between two of the most powerful countries in Asia, India and China. The detailed maps and analyses bring out the geopolitical considerations at play and their potential impact on both nations.
The author’s first-hand experience provides a detailed look at the challenges facing India and Nepal. Border disputes, political tensions, and other sensitive issues are addressed with clarity, offering crucial context for understanding the complexities of their bilateral dynamics. The book also uncovers the often-overlooked military dimension of the Indo-Nepal relationship. The author`s military expertise is evident as he explores defence cooperation, security concerns, and the potential for stronger collaboration between the countries` Armed Forces.
About the Book
An important bilateral issue between both countries is related to politics and security. Nepal lies in the Southern lap of the Himalayas, and shares borders with two huge states of Asia. This geopolitical reality has to be taken into account. China’s role in Nepal has expanded steadily over the last decades. To counter China’s reach in Nepal, India has to act speedily and steadily to improve its weak overland infrastructure in the Himalayas. India needs to improve its diplomacy vis-à-vis Nepal and show greater benevolence toward it. Nepal and India will gain if they establish bridges of opportunities rather than mistrusting each other.
India and Nepal share common and interdependent economic cultural and social links. Both are democracies and retention of this political state of affairs remains desirable. India has traditionally looked at its Northern frontiers with China as the Himalayan watershed. Any Chinese military or ideological influx or influence South of this watershed would be inimical to Indian interests. Militarily, the mountains of Nepal open out to the great Indian plains where defensible lines will be difficult to establish.
Unless they are torn apart by tectonic action, Nepal and India have to live and engage with each other in many spheres: social, economic and political. Of all the engagements the two countries have to deal with, the issue of water resources is the most important and at the same time a very sensitive issue, because water is the most important natural resource that Nepal possesses, although most of it has yet to be exploited. The size and topography of Nepal are such that the three countries of the Indian sub-continent, Nepal, India and Bangladesh, could benefit immensely, if Nepal’s 6,000 rivers are harnessed optimally.
Nepal has always been considered to be a part of India’ Northern security system. India, therefore, expects Nepal to remain sensitive to its security concerns. This expectation of India has however been misinterpreted in Nepal, as an attack on Nepal’s sovereignty and independence, especially since Nepal feels vulnerable in case of any external power’s presence on Nepalese territory beyond the normal diplomatic activity. On the other hand, Nepal is also fully aware that India could take care of both its economic development and security concerns more effectively than any other country including China. This feeling of interdependency has been reflected in the 1950 Treaty.
A great loss to the Indian Army since 2020 is that Gorkha soldiers of Nepali origin in each of the seven Gorkha Regiments are no longer being recruited. The recruitment process got stalled due to the pandemic and Nepal’s opposition to the Agnipath scheme (of a four-year tour of duty for soldiers, sailors and airmen) since its announcement in June 2022.
Comments
General Shokin Chauhan’s comprehensive exploration of the historical, geographical, and contemporary dimensions of this crucial bilateral relationship is a testament to his deep understanding, unwavering dedication, and invaluable experience.
In this meticulously researched book, he takes the reader on a journey through time, unravelling the historical ties that have bound India and Nepal together for centuries. From ancient trade routes to cultural exchanges, he paints a vivid picture of the deep-rooted connections that have shaped the Indo-Nepal relationship. By delving into the historical context, General Chauhan lays the groundwork for understanding the complexities and nuances of the present-day strategic landscape.
Furthermore, General Chauhan’s analysis of the strategic geography of the region provides invaluable insights into the geopolitical considerations that influence the interactions between India and Nepal.
One of the most compelling aspects of General Chauhan’s book is his examination of the existing problems between India and Nepal. His distinguished career in the military, coupled with his tenure as the Military Attaché in the Indian Embassy in Kathmandu, Nepal, uniquely positions him to offer insights that are both insightful and authentic.
Drawing on his experience and extensive research, he offers a candid assessment of the challenges that have strained the bilateral relationship in recent years. General Chauhan confronts issues from border disputes to political tensions, head-on, while dwelling on the complexities and nuances of interstate relations in South Asia.
Moreover, General Chauhan’s insights into the India-Nepal military relationship are particularly noteworthy. As a seasoned military officer with years of experience in the field, his analysis of defence cooperation, joint exercises, and security challenges provides a rare glimpse into the inner workings of military diplomacy. By highlighting the strategic imperatives and mutual interests that underpin the India-Nepal military relationship, General Chauhan offers a compelling argument for deeper engagement and cooperation between the two countries’ Armed Forces.
Throughout the pages of this book, General Chauhan’s passion for promoting peace, stability, and cooperation in the Indo-Nepal relationship shines through. His dedication to fostering understanding and dialogue is evident, making this book not only a scholarly endeavour but also a call to action for policymakers, scholars, and citizens alike.
In conclusion, General Shokin Chauhan’s book offers a comprehensive, nuanced, and insightful analysis of the Indo-Nepal strategic relationship. This book will undoubtedly spark meaningful conversations, foster greater understanding, and lays the groundwork for a more peaceful and prosperous future for India and Nepal, and indeed, for the entire South Asian region.
Pentagon Press LLP
Price: Rs. 995/-
